Homozygous L-SIGN (CLEC4M) plays a protective role in SARS coronavirus infection

Chan, Vera S F; Chan, Kelvin Y K; Chen, Yongxiong; Poon, Leo L M; Cheung, Annie N Y; Zheng, Bojian; Chan, Kwok-Hung; Mak, William; Ngan, Hextan Y S; Xu, Xiaoning; Screaton, Gavin; Tam, Paul K H; Austyn, Jonathan M; Chan, Li-Chong; Yip, Shea-Ping; Peiris, Malik; Khoo, Ui-Soon; Lin, Chen-Lung S

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is caused by infection of a previously undescribed coronavirus (CoV). L-SIGN, encoded by CLEC4M (also known as CD209L), is a SARS-CoV binding receptor that has polymorphism in its extracellular neck region encoded by the tandem repeat domain in exon 4. Our genetic risk association study shows that individuals homozygous for CLEC4M tandem repeats are less susceptible to SARS infection. L-SIGN is expressed in both non-SARS and SARS-CoV–infected lung. Compared with cells heterozygous for L-SIGN, cells homozygous for L-SIGN show higher binding capacity for SARS-CoV, higher proteasome-dependent viral degradation and a lower capacity for trans infection. Thus, homozygosity for L-SIGN plays a protective role during SARS infection. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version of this article (doi:10.1038/ng1698) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.