Neurologic Alterations Due to Respiratory Virus Infections

Bohmwald, Karen; Gálvez, Nicolás M. S.; Ríos, Mariana; Kalergis, Alexis M.

Commonly, the invasion of the central nervous system (CNS) and the subsequent pathology have been more studied in infection caused by Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), Varicella-Zoster virus (VZV), measles virus (MV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), among others (Koyuncu et al., 2013) . Nowadays, the interest in increasing the knowledge about the characteristics and mechanisms involved in their neurological manifestations has risen. Neurological abnormalities found in patients with severe respiratory illness have a spread spectrum of clinical signs, being the most reported seizures (Niizuma et al., 2014; Li et al., 2016) , status epilepticus (Sweetman et al., 2005; Vehapoglu et al., 2015) , encephalopathies (Antonucci and Fanos, 2005; Mizuguchi et al., 2007; Niizuma et al., 2014; Meijer et al., 2016) and encephalitis (Ng et al., 2001; Niizuma et al., 2014; Fok et al., 2015 ; Table 1 ). The effects of each respiratory virus mentioned above in the CNS infection will be discussed in detail later.