Antiviral and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Pochonin D, a Heat Shock Protein 90 Inhibitor, against Rhinovirus Infection

Song, Jae-Hyoung; Shim, Aeri; Kim, Yeon-Jeong; Ahn, Jae-Hee; Kwon, Bo-Eun; Pham, Thuy Trang; Lee, Jongkook; Chang, Sun-Young; Ko, Hyun-Jeong

Total RNA was isolated from each group using the QIAamp viral RNA Mini Kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany). Reverse transcription was performed using RNase Inhibitor, M-MLV RT 5× Buffer, M-MLV Reverse Transcriptase, Oligo(dT)15 primer, and dNTP mixture manufactured by Promega (Madison, WI, USA), and quantitative real-time PCR was performed using the THUNDERBIRD TM SYBR qPCR Mix (Toyobo, Osaka, Japan) on the CFX96 TM Optics Module (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA), with the following primers: HRV5′-NCR-up: 5′-TCC TCC GGC CCC TGA ATG-3′, HRV5′-NCR-down: 5′-GAA ACA CGG ACA CCC AAA G-3′, CCL2-up: 5′-TTA AAA ACC TGG ATC GGA ACC AA-3′, CCL2-down: 5′-GCA TTA GCT TCA GAT TTA CGG GT-3′, IL-6 up: 5′-CTG GAG TCA CAG AAG GAG TGG-3′, IL-6 down: 5′-GGT TTG CCG AGT AGA TCT CAA-