Applications of gold nanoparticles in virus detection

Draz, Mohamed Shehata; Shafiee, Hadi

AuNP-based electrochemical assays rely on using AuNPs to directly modify the target DNA or electron transducer surfaces, allowing enhanced electrical conduction and increased surface area for probe immobilization and target interaction. Following this protocol, Liu et al. [71] successfully detected AIV HA gene sequences using a DNA aptamer immobilized onto an electrode; its surface was modified with a composite of carbon nanotubes, polypyrrole nanowires and AuNPs (Fig. 12B) . Furthermore, Bonanni et al. [70] developed an impedimetric electrochemical assay for the detection of AIV M gene sequences based on measuring changes in the impedimetric behavior of the electrode when the target DNA hybridizes with the capture DNA probes immobilized onto its surface and is subsequently labeled by AuNPs via streptavidin/ biotin interaction (Fig. 12C) .