Post-translational modifications of coronavirus proteins: roles and function

Fung, To Sing; Liu, Ding Xiang

In terms of translational applications, PTMs of coronavirus proteins and the interference of PTMs of host proteins by coronavirus proteins may be attractive targets for therapeutic intervention. For instance, carbohydrate binding agents that directly interact with glycans on the virion surface may be able to suppress virus attachment and entry. As more than one N-linked glycosylation sites are present, multiple mutations will be required for the virus to develop drug resistance. On the other hand, recombinant coronaviruses with the DUB/deISGylation activity specifically deleted from PLPro may be desirable vaccine candidates, as these viruses will retain the protease activity required for replication, but become substantially attenuated as they are defective in subverting the host innate immune response. Given its importance in both veterinary setting and public healthcare, a better understanding of the PTMs of coronavirus proteins will provide new insights into the development of more efficient vaccines and novel antivirals. with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed.