Origin, Evolution, and Virulence of Porcine Deltacoronaviruses in the United States

Ma, Yuanmei; Zhang, Yu; Liang, Xueya; Lou, Fangfei; Oglesbee, Michael; Krakowka, Steven; Li, Jianrong

Infection of gnotobiotic pigs with PdCV-clinical signs associated with infection by PdCV CVM1 and MI strains. We have successfully reproduced PdCV-associated diseases in Gn piglets. Twenty hours after oral inoculation with filtered intestinal content containing 10 6 genomic RNA copies of PdCV Ohio CVM1 (animal experiment 1), all three piglets developed sudden-onset, severe, persistent, and watery diarrhea (see Fig. S2 in the supplemental material), with diarrheal scores of 3 (Table 1) . Vomiting was observed in the 48-and 72-h-PdCV-infected piglets (Table 1 ; see also Fig. S2 ). Core body temperatures remained within normal limits. Respiratory signs (coughing and nasal discharge) were not observed. In spite of the diarrhea and progressive dehydration, appetite was maintained. The most lethargic and severely affected piglet was terminated 24 h postinfection (p.i.), one piglet was terminated at 48 h p.i., and the third was terminated one day later Table S1 in the supplemental material. ALC denotes Asian leopard cat, and CFB denotes Chinese ferret-badger. The two strains (Ohio CVM1 and Michigan 8977) used in this study are highlighted by red color. The South Korean strain is highlighted by blue color.