Author: Heaton, Steven M.; Borg, Natalie A.; Dixit, Vishva M.
Title: Ubiquitin in the activation and attenuation of innate antiviral immunity Document date: 2016_1_11
ID: 42d77vxf_20
Snippet: Mitochondria, peroxisomes, and endoplasmic reticulum function as immune signaling platforms linking viral pattern recognition with effector molecule production ( Fig. 2 , middle). Although this process remains poorly characterized, the nature and context of viral ligands detected by PRRs drives accumulation of the downstream signaling apparatus to these platforms. Adaptor proteins mediate this accumulation: mitochondria and peroxisomes by MAVS (D.....
Document: Mitochondria, peroxisomes, and endoplasmic reticulum function as immune signaling platforms linking viral pattern recognition with effector molecule production ( Fig. 2 , middle). Although this process remains poorly characterized, the nature and context of viral ligands detected by PRRs drives accumulation of the downstream signaling apparatus to these platforms. Adaptor proteins mediate this accumulation: mitochondria and peroxisomes by MAVS (Dixit et al., 2010) and endoplasmic reticulum by stimulator of IFN genes (STI NG; Ishikawa and Barber, 2008) . Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) and AIM2-like receptors (ALRs), which include AIM2 and human IFN-inducible protein 16 (IFI16), have also emerged as important DNA virus PRRs. cGAS signals via STI NG and AIM2 generates inflammasome oligomers, whereas IFI16 can stimulate both signaling mechanisms (Diner et al., 2015) .
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