Multiplexed Nucleic Acid Programmable Protein Arrays

Yu, Xiaobo; Song, Lusheng; Petritis, Brianne; Bian, Xiaofang; Wang, Haoyu; Viloria, Jennifer; Park, Jin; Bui, Hoang; Li, Han; Wang, Jie; Liu, Lei; Yang, Liuhui; Duan, Hu; McMurray, David N.; Achkar, Jacqueline M.; Magee, Mitch; Qiu, Ji; LaBaer, Joshua

Protein microarrays have been used in functional protein and antibody biomarker studies to screen for target(s)-of-interest, which are generally rare in the tested protein population ( Figure 1B) . For example, the median hit rates (± standard deviation, SD) of studies employing protein microarrays in the past five years for screening protein function and autoantibody biomarkers (Table S1) were 0.49% ± 1.23% and 1.02% ± 4.46%, respectively ( Figure 1B) . Since false positives are not uncommon during initial screens, all initial candidates require an independent verification step performed using different samples [5, 7, 8, 19, [35] [36] [37] . Considering that a two-step approach for target discovery and verification often uses hundreds to thousands of samples, the cost of such studies using full-scale arrays can be inhibitory.