Author: Heaton, Steven M.; Borg, Natalie A.; Dixit, Vishva M.
Title: Ubiquitin in the activation and attenuation of innate antiviral immunity Document date: 2016_1_11
ID: 42d77vxf_40
Snippet: The final relay: IRFs transmit danger signals into the nucleus TLR, NLR, and RLR IFN-I signaling converges at IRF activation, the penultimate step toward IFN-I transcription. IRF3 is constitutively expressed in most cell types, residing inactive in the cytosol until phosphorylation by TBK1/IKKε within two activation clusters (Ser385/Ser386 and Ser396/ Ser398/Ser402/Thr404/Ser405), resulting in homodimerization, nuclear accumulation, DNA binding,.....
Document: The final relay: IRFs transmit danger signals into the nucleus TLR, NLR, and RLR IFN-I signaling converges at IRF activation, the penultimate step toward IFN-I transcription. IRF3 is constitutively expressed in most cell types, residing inactive in the cytosol until phosphorylation by TBK1/IKKε within two activation clusters (Ser385/Ser386 and Ser396/ Ser398/Ser402/Thr404/Ser405), resulting in homodimerization, nuclear accumulation, DNA binding, and participation in IFNB gene transcription (Lin et al., 1998) . IFN-β acts in an autocrine and paracrine manner upon its cognate receptor, IFN-α/β receptor (IFN AR), thereby activating JAK/STAT signaling and ISG expression. IRF7 expression is up-regulated in this way, which in turn activates IFNA transcription and additional ISG expression by a similar mechanism.
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