Author: Sabath, Niv; Wagner, Andreas; Karlin, David
Title: Evolution of Viral Proteins Originated De Novo by Overprinting Document date: 2012_7_19
ID: 629fwmgk_10
Snippet: The second property is the selective constraint (dN/dS), which estimates the strength of purifying selection on a gene by its ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous nucleotide substitutions. Values of dN/dS below 1 are evidence of purifying selection whose strength increases with decreasing dN/ dS. In principle, values of dN/dS exceeding 1 might suggest that a gene evolves under positive selection (Nei and Gojobori 1986) . However, the method we us.....
Document: The second property is the selective constraint (dN/dS), which estimates the strength of purifying selection on a gene by its ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous nucleotide substitutions. Values of dN/dS below 1 are evidence of purifying selection whose strength increases with decreasing dN/ dS. In principle, values of dN/dS exceeding 1 might suggest that a gene evolves under positive selection (Nei and Gojobori 1986) . However, the method we used to calculate dN/dS (Sabath et al. 2008) does not test statistically for positive selection, which is often limited to few sites within the gene (Nielsen and Yang 1998; Zhang et al. 2005) . Therefore, values of dN/dS above 1 should be taken to indicate either neutral evolution or positive selection.
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