Applications of gold nanoparticles in virus detection

Draz, Mohamed Shehata; Shafiee, Hadi

Herpesviridae is a taxonomically large family of viruses, including 3 major subfamilies (alphaherpesvirinae, betaherpesvirinae and gammaherpesvirinae), which together comprise nearly 9 genera with over 100 viruses [153] . repeats. The rearrangements of these repeated sequences result in different genome isomers. In Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpes virus (KSHV), from the subfamily gammaherpesvirinae, there are repeated sequences at the termini of their genomes that differ from those of other human pathogenic herpesviruses, including herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2), human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), and varicella zoster virus (VZV); these viruses are characterized by the definite presence of US and UL regions in their genomes [153] [154] [155] . Herpesviruses can infect humans and many animals. They account for significant and recurrent human cutaneous diseases, including oral herpes, genital herpes, and many cancers. Eight Herpesviridae family members are commonly involved in human infection: HSV-1 (human herpesvirus1; HHV-1), HSV-2 (HHV-2), VZV (HHV-3), EBV (HHV-4), HCMV (HHV-5), HHV-6, HHV-7, and KSHV (HHV-8).