Systems vaccinology and big data in the vaccine development chain

Raeven, René H. M.; van Riet, Elly; Meiring, Hugo D.; Metz, Bernard; Kersten, Gideon F. A.

feron response to the magnitude of neutralizing antibody titers after immunization with a live-attenuated tetravalent dengue vaccine in non-human primates. As part of the development of a novel Outer Membrane Vesicle Pertussis vaccine (omvPV), vaccineinduced responses were investigated in mice. An extensive proteomics approach for antibody profiling was used to determine the distinct antibody specificity and subclass distribution induced by different pertussis vaccines. 59 Transcriptome and cytokine profiling demonstrated reduced pro-inflammatory responses, potentially leading to less adverse effects by the omvPV compared with a classic whole-cell pertussis vaccine while maintaining the vaccine efficacy. 116 To investigate the effect of the route of immunization on protective immunity, the responses induced by subcutaneous and pulmonary administration of omvPV in mice were compared. 15 The study demonstrated improved mucosal immunity, and therefore protection, against B. pertussis after pulmonary immunization. Finally, in terms of vaccine safety, Mizukami et al. 117 applied the systems-approach in a rat model to predict safety and batch-to-batch consistency of influenza vaccines. Wang et al. 118 investigated blood gene signatures in non-human primates immunized with seven marketed or experimental vaccines to isolate markers of vaccine efficacy and safety. Whereas overlapping trends in markers of efficacy were found between some vaccines, no markers were found correlating to adverse effects.