Author: Carvalho, Miguel F.; Gill, Davinder
Title: Rotavirus vaccine efficacy: current status and areas for improvement Document date: 2018_9_19
ID: 14a5861f_23_1
Snippet: c. 123 Circadian rhythms could therefore modulate response to vaccines, regardless of the route of immunization. Sleep deprivation is known to disrupt circadian rhythms and correlates with lower vaccine responses to hepatitis A 124 and hepatitis B. 125 However, Karabay et al. did not notice a difference in hepatitis B responses between volunteers vaccinated in the morning or afternoon. 126 Also, Long et al. 127 analysed the impact of time of day .....
Document: c. 123 Circadian rhythms could therefore modulate response to vaccines, regardless of the route of immunization. Sleep deprivation is known to disrupt circadian rhythms and correlates with lower vaccine responses to hepatitis A 124 and hepatitis B. 125 However, Karabay et al. did not notice a difference in hepatitis B responses between volunteers vaccinated in the morning or afternoon. 126 Also, Long et al. 127 analysed the impact of time of day (9-11 am vs. 3-5 pm) in influenza vaccine efficacy in a cohort of 276 > 65 year old UK citizens showing no immune disorders or infections (2011-13; 141 morning and 135 afternoon vaccinations). Evaluation of antibody titres, cytokine and steroid hormone levels in serum took place before and 1 month after vaccination. Strain A/ H1N1 showed higher response to morning vaccine while A/ H3N2 and B strains did not (HAI assay), with no influence of cytokine and steroid levels. 127 Another report analysed the impact of sample collection and immunization timing in elderly (n = 80, above 65 years old) and younger individuals (n = 59, ages within 30-40) with blood samples collected before (day 0) and 7 and 14 (or 28) days after vaccination. While there was no evidence for effect of timing of immunization, data indicates a significant increase in IgG and IgM titres at 7 days for the older group (but not younger) when samples were collected in the afternoon. This suggests that time of sample collection can affect interpretation of vaccination outcomes. 128 In brief, circadian rhythms play a critical role in modulating the expression of genomes, including genes associated with therapeutic intervention. Innate and adaptive immune systems are not exceptions and intestinal tissues are also under such regulation. Evidence also suggests that circadian rhythms can play a role in virus life cycle. Therefore, timing of immunization could potentially be important. Further studies are required, especially in the field of mucosal vaccination.
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