Author: Abdul-Rasool, Sahar; Fielding, Burtram C
Title: Understanding Human Coronavirus HCoV-NL63 Document date: 2010_5_25
ID: 3ahp9tli_9
Snippet: HCoV-NL63 has a single-stranded RNA genome that is capped and polyadenylated [27] . The genome is 27553 bases in size, with the genome order 5 -ORF1a-ORF1b-S-ORF3-E-M-N-polyT-3 ( Fig. 1) . Seven distinct ORFs are produced from six distinct mRNAs, which include the full-length genomic RNA and a nested set of five subgenomic (sg) mRNAs [4] . Coronavirus mRNAs are generated in the membrane-associated replication centers [31] . The five sg mRNAs enco.....
Document: HCoV-NL63 has a single-stranded RNA genome that is capped and polyadenylated [27] . The genome is 27553 bases in size, with the genome order 5 -ORF1a-ORF1b-S-ORF3-E-M-N-polyT-3 ( Fig. 1) . Seven distinct ORFs are produced from six distinct mRNAs, which include the full-length genomic RNA and a nested set of five subgenomic (sg) mRNAs [4] . Coronavirus mRNAs are generated in the membrane-associated replication centers [31] . The five sg mRNAs encode for the viral structural and accessory proteins S, ORF3, E, M and N. With the exception of ORF E, a common transcription regulatory sequence (TRS), with core sequence AACUAAA, is located upstream of all the ORFs; this TRS is crucial for sg mRNA formation [27, 32] . HCoV-NL63 uses a discontinuous replication strategy to generate sg mRNAs during the minus strand synthesis [4, 27, 32] , which are then copied into plus strand mRNAs. All plus strand mRNAs share a common ~70 nucleotide leader sequence at their 5' ends that is identical to the sequence at the 5' end of the genomic RNA [27] .
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