Author: Sabath, Niv; Wagner, Andreas; Karlin, David
Title: Evolution of Viral Proteins Originated De Novo by Overprinting Document date: 2012_7_19
ID: 629fwmgk_31
Snippet: Our results also suggest that in general, the ancestral genes are more constrained in sequence than the de novo genes which overlap them. However, this pattern can be reversed in old de novo genes. In particular, three de novo genes of our data set, which encode the Ilarvirus 2 b protein, the morbillivirus C protein, and betanodavirus B protein (taxa 7, 10 and 12), are subject to stronger selective constraints than their ancestral genes ( fig. 3b.....
Document: Our results also suggest that in general, the ancestral genes are more constrained in sequence than the de novo genes which overlap them. However, this pattern can be reversed in old de novo genes. In particular, three de novo genes of our data set, which encode the Ilarvirus 2 b protein, the morbillivirus C protein, and betanodavirus B protein (taxa 7, 10 and 12), are subject to stronger selective constraints than their ancestral genes ( fig. 3b) . We speculate that this reversal could reflect an evolutionary "tug of war" between the two genes over the dominance of the sequence. An ultimate "victory" of a de novo gene in this tug of war would consist in the disappearance of the ancestral gene. We speculate that some viral genes that do not overlap any other gene today may have originated through overprinting but have eventually lost the overlap. A similar scenario has been proposed for an overlapping region of two protein-coding genes within the genome of archaeal Thermoplasma (Rogozin et al. 2002) . These overlapping genes are nonoverlapping in other related genomes, possibly because of duplication and consequent loss (Rogozin et al. 2002) .
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