Virus- and Interferon Alpha-Induced Transcriptomes of Cells from the Microbat Myotis daubentonii

Hölzer, Martin; Schoen, Andreas; Wulle, Julia; Müller, Marcel A.; Drosten, Christian; Marz, Manja; Weber, Friedemann

At 6 h post infection with the IFN inducer virus Clone 13, 21 genes were upregulated (Figures 2A and 2B ). Among these were prototypical, IRF3-driven genes (IFNB1, CCL5, CXCL10, IFIT1 to 3, OAS1, and OASL), and others reported to be expressed by infected cells (DDX58, DDX60, DHX58, IFIH1, IFI44, ISG15) (Balogh et al., 2014; Doganay et al., 2017; Glennon et al., 2015; Grandvaux et al., 2002; McWhirter et al., 2004; Puthia et al., 2016; Schmid et al., 2010) . By contrast, upregulated genes such as IRF7, MX1, MX2, OAS3, SAMD9, and USP18 are prototypical ISGs (Rusinova et al., 2013; Shaw et al., 2017) that most likely are activated by the Clone 13-induced IFN in the supernatant (see later discussion). Altogether the upregulated genes are commanding biological processes of the immediate-early innate response to viruses, as shown by GO term enrichment using the Piano package (Figure S4A , upper panel).