Author: Choe, Young June; Choi, Eun Hwa
                    Title: Are We Ready for Coronavirus Disease 2019 Arriving at Schools?  Document date: 2020_3_18
                    ID: urxd8g2t_2
                    
                    Snippet: It is challenging to make guidance on school closure because its impact on the COVID-19 outbreak remains unpredictable. It is further complicated by the data suggesting children are less susceptible to this novel virus and less ill. 1-3 Strategies to mitigate the COVID-19 epidemic are rooted in the pandemic influenza preparedness plan. 4 Nonpharmaceutical interventions provide time for mitigation in the case of pandemic influenza. 5 Historical fi.....
                    
                    
                    
                     
                    
                    
                    
                    
                        
                            
                                Document: It is challenging to make guidance on school closure because its impact on the COVID-19 outbreak remains unpredictable. It is further complicated by the data suggesting children are less susceptible to this novel virus and less ill. 1-3 Strategies to mitigate the COVID-19 epidemic are rooted in the pandemic influenza preparedness plan. 4 Nonpharmaceutical interventions provide time for mitigation in the case of pandemic influenza. 5 Historical findings demonstrated a strong association between early school closure and mitigation of the 1918-1919 influenza pandemic in the United States. 6 Yet, a few observational studies and mathematical models have shown varied conclusions about the effects of reactive school closures on the course of influenza outbreaks. 7 Models have generally predicted a reduction in the peak incidence of 20%-60%, but these predictions depend on the model's assumptions, and some studies have predicted no reduction in the attack rates. Nonetheless, COVID-19 is not influenza, as it exhibits different viral kinetics, transmission dynamics, and clinical outcomes.
 
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