Circulation of canine parvovirus among dogs living in human-wildlife interface in the Atlantic forest biome, Brazil

Vieira, Flávia V.; Hoffmann, Daniel J.; Fabri, Carolina U.F.; Bresciani, Katia D.S.; Gameiro, Roberto; Flores, Eduardo F.; Cardoso, Tereza C.

To construct the phylogenetic tree, the sequences of four viruses were included. A fragment of 583 bp corresponding to the VP2CPV gene was amplified in 67 out of 100 (67%) analyzed samples. Nucleotide sequencing confirmed the CPV identity. Forty positive samples (59.7%) belonged to animals that had free access to fragmented forest. Interestingly, 33 out of 67 positive samples (49.2%), were obtained from dogs that have free access to forest, being considered an interface to human-wildlife. The amplified DNA fragments were directly sequenced. Sequence analysis showed that 90.2% of the samples carried the amino acid (aa) Glu at the position 426, characteristic of CPV-2c strains, and 65% of these CPV-2c strains showed the substitution. Despite of the fact that CPV-2c was first described in South America in 2007, the high prevalence of CPV-2c strains in Brazil continues nowadays (Pérez et al., 2007; Streek et al., 2009; Calderón et al., 2015; Fontana et al., 2013; Oliveira et al., 2017) . Out of the 67 positive samples, 10% were identified as CPV-2a (KP694304) and 7% CPV-2b (KP694306) (Fig. 2 ). An additional 50 samples were related to CPV-2c sequences (KP694303 and KP694302). Sequence alignment showed that these sequences presented the amino acid substitution (Asp-426 to Glu-426) that characterizes the 2c type (data not shown). The phylogenetic tree was constructed by the use a representative strains which had been characterized as CPV2-c were subjected to full length VP2 amplification and cloning.