Circulation of canine parvovirus among dogs living in human-wildlife interface in the Atlantic forest biome, Brazil

Vieira, Flávia V.; Hoffmann, Daniel J.; Fabri, Carolina U.F.; Bresciani, Katia D.S.; Gameiro, Roberto; Flores, Eduardo F.; Cardoso, Tereza C.

Although CVP-2c has been detected in several Brazilian regions, this is the first description of its circulation in rural/wild areas representing human/wildlife interfaces (Costa et al., 2005; Streek et al., 2009; Castro et al., 2010; Fontana et al., 2013; Oliveira et al., 2017) . Despite of the availability and use of several commercial vaccines, viral enteritis − including that associated with CPV infection − remains an important problem for Brazilian dogs (Oliveira et al., 2017) . In addition, our study showed that CPV isolation is feasible when faeces are processed shortly after collection. This procedure allows for enriching viral preparations for several purposes, including biological studies of viral replication, drug susceptibility and virus-host interactions (Decaro and Buonavoglia, 2012; Parthiban et al., 2011) . In a recent study, rural dogs living in households around six Atlantic forests in southeastern Brazil were serologically tested for CPV antibodies and 97% were positive (Curi et al., 2016) . Our study provides a confirmatory piece of information about the circulation of CPV in rural areas and reinforce the risk of it is usual see wild carnivores circulating in urban areas due to forest fragmentation in protected areas in Brazil (Curi et al., 2016) . In this sense, increased risk of CPV in rural areas in Australia highlighted a need for vigilance in order to prevent virus spread to wild species (Zourkas et al., 2015) . Moreover, in Argentina, a reemergence of CPV-2a in domestic dogs was observed, corroborating the genetic diversity detected worldwide (Calderón et al., 2015) . Accurate genotyping for field CPV strains is important for epidemiological issues. Moreover, evaluation of the serological responses suggests vaccination with CPV-2b would cross-protect against CPV-2a and CPV-2c, as well as against CPV-2 which is now extinct in the field (Wilson et al., 2014) .