Daylight-driven rechargeable antibacterial and antiviral nanofibrous membranes for bioprotective applications

Si, Yang; Zhang, Zheng; Wu, Wanrong; Fu, Qiuxia; Huang, Kang; Nitin, Nitin; Ding, Bin; Sun, Gang

The bacteria on the control or RNM samples were first harvested by vortexing and washed three times with PBS. For the fluorescence microscope imaging, PI and SG DNA dye were added to the bacterial suspension with a concentration of 10 mg ml −1 . After staining for 20 min, the bacteria were washed with PBS and rediluted in PBS. Then, the suspension was spotted on a microscope slide and examined using a laser scanning confocal microscope (Olympus FV1000). For the SEM imaging, the bacterial suspension was fixed in PBS solution containing 1 wt % of glutaraldehyde and formaldehyde for 1 hour, and then, the bacteria were rinsed with DI water three times, followed by treating with 1% of OsO 4 solution for 20 min. Bacterial samples were then dehydrated by a sequential ethanol/water mixtures with an increasing ethanol content of 25, 50, 75, 90, and 100%, respectively. Finally, the bacterial samples were placed on silver tape and coated with palladium before SEM analysis.