Daylight-driven rechargeable antibacterial and antiviral nanofibrous membranes for bioprotective applications

Si, Yang; Zhang, Zheng; Wu, Wanrong; Fu, Qiuxia; Huang, Kang; Nitin, Nitin; Ding, Bin; Sun, Gang

Antibacterial assays using E. coli and L. innocua In a typical experiment, 10 ml of the bacterial (E. coli or L. innocua) suspension was spotted on the surface of control samples (PVA-co-PE) or RNM samples in a size of 2 × 2 cm 2 , and then, the samples were exposed to daylight or dark conditions for a certain time. At each time point, the samples with the bacteria were harvested by vortexing with 1 ml of deionized (DI) water, and the suspension was serially diluted (×10 1 , ×10 2 , ×10 4 , and ×10 6 ) to be plated on LB agar (E. coli) or TSA agar (L. innocua) for the bacterial enumeration. All data were standardized as 1 × 10 6 CFU initial load and plotted CFU. For the cyclic antimicrobial assays, after each test, the samples were sonicated for 5 min to remove the attached bacterial debris.