Daylight-driven rechargeable antibacterial and antiviral nanofibrous membranes for bioprotective applications

Si, Yang; Zhang, Zheng; Wu, Wanrong; Fu, Qiuxia; Huang, Kang; Nitin, Nitin; Ding, Bin; Sun, Gang

Antivirus assays using T7 bacteriophage In a typical experiment, 10 ml of the phage dilution was spotted on the surface of control or RNM samples in a size of 2 × 2 cm 2 , and then, the samples were exposed to daylight or dark conditions for a certain time. At each time point, the samples with the phages were vortexed in a tube containing 2 ml of tris-buffered saline. After serial dilution, 0.1 ml of phage solution was mixed with 0.25 ml of stationary-phase host E. coli BL21 (absorbance at 600 nm of approximately 1.5 outer diameter), followed by incubation for 10 min at 37°C. Afterward, 3 ml of molten LB agar at 45°C was added and mixed with the incubated bacteria plus phages, immediately poured onto a prewarmed LB agar plate, and allowed to solidify. Once the plate solidified, all the plates were inverted and incubated at room temperature overnight, and then, the plaques were counted. Phage was counted and reported as PFU ml −1 . All data were standardized as 1 × 10 5 PFU initial load and plotted PFU.