Author: Chakrabarti, Seemanti; King, Daniel J.; Afonso, Claudio; Swayne, David; Cardona, Carol J.; Kuney, Douglas R.; Gerry, Alec C.
Title: Detection and Isolation of Exotic Newcastle Disease Virus from Field-Collected Flies Document date: 2007_9_1
ID: tbersu21_2
Snippet: Newcastle disease control in poultry has been ongoing in the United States since the Þrst infections were identiÞed in the early 1940s. Introductions of the more virulent strains of Newcastle disease virus, the cause of END, have occurred, and in most cases, the virus has been quickly eradicated (Utterback and Schwartz 1973) . During two END outbreaks, virus was not quickly eradicated. The Þrst occurred during 1971Ã1973, and this outbreak res.....
Document: Newcastle disease control in poultry has been ongoing in the United States since the Þrst infections were identiÞed in the early 1940s. Introductions of the more virulent strains of Newcastle disease virus, the cause of END, have occurred, and in most cases, the virus has been quickly eradicated (Utterback and Schwartz 1973) . During two END outbreaks, virus was not quickly eradicated. The Þrst occurred during 1971Ã1973, and this outbreak resulted in the quarantine of eight California counties, the destruction of 11.9 million birds, and eradication costs of $56 million (USDAÃAPHIS 1978) . The second occurred during 2002Ã2003, and it resulted in the quarantine of 18,345 premises, the destruction of 3.2 million birds, and eradication efforts cost of $170 million (Breitmeyer et al. 2003) .
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