Global patterns in coronavirus diversity

Anthony, Simon J.; Johnson, Christine K.; Greig, Denise J.; Kramer, Sarah; Che, Xiaoyu; Wells, Heather; Hicks, Allison L.; Joly, Damien O.; Wolfe, Nathan D.; Daszak, Peter; Karesh, William; Lipkin, W. I.; Morse, Stephen S.; Mazet, Jonna A. K.; Goldstein, Tracey

Together, these outbreaks have cemented the coronaviridae as a family of zoonotic concern, and stimulated a surge in viral discovery efforts in bats [reviewed by Drexler et al. (2014) ]. These efforts appear to show that almost all human CoVs have zoonotic origins or otherwise circulate in animals, including human 229E [bats (Pfefferle et al. 2009 ); camels (Sabir et al. 2016) ], NL63 [bats (Donaldson et al. 2010; Huynh et al. 2012) ], and OC43 [cattle (Vijgen et al. 2005) ]. Even non-human CoVs such as porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) may have emerged by host switching from other animals [bats (Tang et al. 2006; Huang et al. 2013) ]. Overall, it seems that CoV diversity in bats is substantial (Drexler et al. 2014) , that these viruses are prone to host switching (Woo et al. 2009) , and that they are a current, historic, and future threat to public health.