Author: Im, Kyungtaek; Kim, Jisu; Min, Hyeyoung
Title: Ginseng, the natural effectual antiviral: Protective effects of Korean Red Ginseng against viral infection Document date: 2015_9_16
ID: u800148j_19
Snippet: In addition to antiviral effects, ginseng interacts with antiHIV drugs and changes their pharmacokinetic properties. Shi et al [62] have reported that ginsenoside Rh2 increased the accumulation and decreased the efflux of ritonavir through P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in Caco-2 cells and MDCK-MDR1 cells. An in vivo study using rats confirmed that intravenous administration of ginsenoside Rh2 inhibited ritonavir efflux and increased the plasma level of r.....
Document: In addition to antiviral effects, ginseng interacts with antiHIV drugs and changes their pharmacokinetic properties. Shi et al [62] have reported that ginsenoside Rh2 increased the accumulation and decreased the efflux of ritonavir through P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in Caco-2 cells and MDCK-MDR1 cells. An in vivo study using rats confirmed that intravenous administration of ginsenoside Rh2 inhibited ritonavir efflux and increased the plasma level of ritonavir. However, American ginseng, Panax quinquefolium, did not affect the pharmacokinetics of an antiHIV drug cotreated in humans, although it induced phase 2 enzyme quinone reductase [63] . Kaempferol isolated from ginseng has also been reported to inhibit P-gp-mediated efflux of ritonavir and cytochrome P-450 3A4 (CYP3A4) activities in vitro [64] , but it has not been confirmed whether kaempferol would indeed induce the level of ritonavir in vivo.
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