Author: Xue, Wenhua; Yan, Dan; Kan, Quancheng
Title: Interleukin-35 as an Emerging Player in Tumor Microenvironment Document date: 2019_5_12
ID: zxrgkhmr_14
Snippet: Neutrophils are an essential part of innate immune system [71, 72] and their participation in cancer development is increasingly realized [73, 74] . The duality of effects of neutrophils in cancer is implicated on its ability to get polarized by different cytokines to anti-tumor (N1) and pro-tumor (N2) phenotypes [75] . It is well established that pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TGF-β1, G-CSF) switch the neutrophils towards pro-tumor bias in T.....
Document: Neutrophils are an essential part of innate immune system [71, 72] and their participation in cancer development is increasingly realized [73, 74] . The duality of effects of neutrophils in cancer is implicated on its ability to get polarized by different cytokines to anti-tumor (N1) and pro-tumor (N2) phenotypes [75] . It is well established that pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TGF-β1, G-CSF) switch the neutrophils towards pro-tumor bias in TME [76] [77] [78] . Interestingly, it was described in a recent study that IL-35 activates pro-tumor (N2) bias in TME. An important study is put forward by Zou et al. which showing production of pro-inflammatory cytokines as result of IL-35 induction, shifting the neutrophils to TME. Interestingly study also presented the activation of macrophages in TME as result of IL-35, which secreted IL-1β and IL-6. STAT3 and ERK pathways in neutrophils were presented to be partly a cause for the suppression of T cells [79] .
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