Author: Klous, Gijs; Huss, Anke; Heederik, Dick J.J.; Coutinho, Roel A.
Title: Human–livestock contacts and their relationship to transmission of zoonotic pathogens, a systematic review of literature Document date: 2016_4_6
ID: vtkhwj57_24
Snippet: The literature is also inconsistent for Avian Influenza. One study from the US indicated no human antibody sero-positivity of Avian Influenza subtypes prevalent in poultry among poultry workers [57] , while other studies from the US and Italy did show similar Avian Influenza subtypes in poultry and poultry workers [58] [59] [60] . Evidence from Hong Kong even indicated an exposure-response-like relationship for H5N1 Avian Influenza transmission: .....
Document: The literature is also inconsistent for Avian Influenza. One study from the US indicated no human antibody sero-positivity of Avian Influenza subtypes prevalent in poultry among poultry workers [57] , while other studies from the US and Italy did show similar Avian Influenza subtypes in poultry and poultry workers [58] [59] [60] . Evidence from Hong Kong even indicated an exposure-response-like relationship for H5N1 Avian Influenza transmission: more anti-H5 antibodies were found in poultry workers with more poultry-related tasks compared to community controls. Direct contact to poultry and butchering poultry was identified as risk factors carrying the highest infection risk [61] . For Swine Influenza studies are consistent, three studies reported serological antibody presence against swine influenza in pig farmers and workers [49, 62, 63] . Remarkably, the study of De Marco et al. reported cross-protective immunity against the 2009 human pandemic Influenza A in swine workers exposed to pigs and Swine Influenza [63] .
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