Interventions in live poultry markets for the control of avian influenza: A systematic review

Offeddu, Vittoria; Cowling, Benjamin J.; Peiris, J.S. Malik

Subsequently, Lau and colleagues utilized faecal bird-samples routinely collected in Hong Kong LPMs between 1999 and 2005 to assess the additive effectiveness of a live quail sale ban and an additional monthly rest day [20] . A multivariable Poisson General Linear Model (GLM) adjusted for several potential confounders of AIVtransmission was used to calculate relative risks (RRs) of weekly H9N2-isolation during the different intervention periods, compared to the time period prior to the implementation of the first rest day [20] . According to this model, the introduction of one monthly rest day resulted in a 27% (p-value = 0.22) or 58% (pvalue = 0.001) reduction in H9N2 average isolation rates in chickens and minor poultry, respectively [20] . After the quail sale ban and the second monthly rest day, average isolation rates from both chickens (RR = 0.56; p-value = 0.09) and minor poultry (RR = 0.37; p-value = 0.01) declined further, although these interventions did not affect the circulation of H9N2 significantly [20] . A follow-up study revealed that a ban on overnight storage of live poultry introduced in 2008 dramatically reduced H9N2-isolation rates by an additional 84% and 100% in chickens and minor poultry, respectively (p-values b 0.05) [21] .