Author: Liu, Yan-Cun; Zou, Xian-Biao; Chai, Yan-Fen; Yao, Yong-Ming
Title: Macrophage Polarization in Inflammatory Diseases Document date: 2014_5_1
ID: u1io62e3_20
Snippet: Substantial evidences demonstrate that obesity is a chronic low-grade inflammatory disease [56] . An important initiator of the inflammatory reaction to obesity is adipose tissue, which is consisting of adipocytes, preadipocytes, endothelial cells and immune cells (e.g., macrophages and lymphocytes). In obesity, adipocytes can release pro-inflammatory mediators, such as CC chemokine ligand (CCL)-2, TNF-α, free fatty acids (FFAs), instead of lept.....
Document: Substantial evidences demonstrate that obesity is a chronic low-grade inflammatory disease [56] . An important initiator of the inflammatory reaction to obesity is adipose tissue, which is consisting of adipocytes, preadipocytes, endothelial cells and immune cells (e.g., macrophages and lymphocytes). In obesity, adipocytes can release pro-inflammatory mediators, such as CC chemokine ligand (CCL)-2, TNF-α, free fatty acids (FFAs), instead of leptin and adiponectin which promote insulin sensitivity in normal state [57] . Those pro-inflammatory mediators induce the recruitment and activation of adipose tissue macrophage (ATM). The activated ATM secrets pro-inflammatory cytokines and forms the inflammatory circuit which blocks the insulin action of adipocytes and leads to insulin resistance [58] .
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