Nanoparticle orientationally displayed antigen epitopes improve neutralizing antibody level in a model of porcine circovirus type 2

Ding, Peiyang; Zhang, Teng; Li, Yafei; Teng, Man; Sun, Yaning; Liu, Xiao; Chai, Shujun; Zhou, Enmin; Jin, Qianyue; Zhang, Gaiping

Nanoparticles orientationally display neutralizing epitopes display the neutralizing epitopes. First, identifying neutralizing epitopes depends on structural biology technology. Second, based on the antigenic structure, designing a site or domain which can adsorbe or conjugate to nanoparticles on the oppo site surface of a neutralizing epitope is ideal. If possible, naturally occurring sites can be utilized, such as the unique thiol groups in this study. This takes into account that most neutralizing epitopes are formed from residues that are discontinuous in the primary amino acid sequence or buried by other residues; thus, there may be a need to redesign artificial scaffolds and display the neutralizing epitope on the surface of scaffold. 46, 49 Third, to synthesize nanoparticles that can efficiently bind to antigen or neutralizing epitope artificial scaffolds at a certain point, nanoparticles may need to be chemically modified. Antigen or artificial scaffolds can combine with biomaterials and then form nanoparticles. The introduction of structural-based antigen design methods combined with nanoparticles will contribute to the development of subunit vaccines.