Recent Advances in Biosensor Development for Foodborne Virus Detection

Neethirajan, Suresh; Ahmed, Syed Rahin; Chand, Rohit; Buozis, John; Nagy, Éva

In non-plasmonic systems, nanomaterials can functionalized with fluorescent labels and use as fluorescent probes rather than plasmonic probes. Non-plasmonic probes consider smaller metal nanoclusters, such as Ag nanoclusters with red or near-infrared fluorescent labels, for use as a probe. Such smaller metal nanoclusters can be stabilised by nucleic acid strands binding on a graphene oxide sheet. Other non-plasmonic nanomaterials are also used, such as BaGdF5:Yd/Er NPs conjugated oligonucleotide with target linked Au nanoparticles, immunomagnitic nanobeads with biometallisation and electrochemistry features to detect viruses of 0.011 ng/mL [49] . Nanomaterial-based technology in virus detection involves two steps: isolation and capture of target viral molecules from the sample, and recognition and enhancement of the signals. Signal detection of nanomaterials includes optical and electrochemical approaches [51] . Optical detection with fluorescent properties is highly sensitive with low detection limits. Electrochemical detection, compared to optical detection, is often used with graphene or carbon nanotubes.