The ATF6 branch of unfolded protein response and apoptosis are activated to promote African swine fever virus infection

Galindo, I; Hernáez, B; Muñoz-Moreno, R; Cuesta-Geijo, M A; Dalmau-Mena, I; Alonso, C

Cell culture, viruses and plasmids. Vero cell lines were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Richmond, VA, USA) and cultured at 37 1C in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium supplemented with 5% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 100 IU/ml penicillin, 100 mg/ml streptomycin and 2 mM L-glutamine. WSL-R line 379, a macrophage cell line of wild swine origin that was kindly provided by Günther Kiel (Friedrich-Loeffler Institut, Greifswald, Germany), was grown in Iscove's medium (Gibco-BRL, Grand Island, NY, USA) plus F-12 nutrient mixture (Gibco) plus 10% FBS. Where indicated, cells were treated with 1 mg/ml Staurosporine (Sigma-Aldrich, Steinheim, Germany), or with 10 mg/ml tunicamycin (Sigma-Aldrich) or 2.5 mM DTT (Sigma-Aldrich) as a positive control of ER stress.