Characterization and bioactivity of self-assembled anti-angiogenic chondroitin sulfate-ES2-AF nanoparticle conjugate

Xing, Liang; Sun, Feng; Wang, Zhendong; Li, Yan; Yang, Zhifang; Wang, Fengshan; Zhai, Guangxi; Tan, Haining

The mechanism of ES inhibiting endothelial cells tube formation is similar to that of inhibiting endothelial cell migration. At the same time, endothelial cell migration and tube formation is a continuous process. ES can disrupt the integrity of microfilaments, thereby disrupting normal adhesion between these endothelial cells and between the endothelial cells and the matrix. Ultimately, the growth of endothelial cells is limited and the formation of vessels is blocked. 51 The CAM model is a widely used angiogenic model due to its many advantages: cost effectiveness, short experiment period, high reproducibility, and easy handling. In the experiment, normal saline was used as the control group and a small amount of bFGF was added to each group. bFGF is an inducing factor for vascular growth, which makes the results of neovascularization more obvious. The result showed that the activity of CS-ES2-AF in the high-concentration group was better than ES2-AF, which could be because the stability of CS-ES2-AF was better than that of ES2-AF. However, comparing the results of mixture group with that of peptide group at a low concentration condition, it was found that adding CS in mixture had an effect on the activity of peptide and could increase the activity of mixture. It was also found that the activity of conjugated group was slightly lower than that of peptide group at this concentration. This phenomenon may be due to the fact that CS in the conjugate could form a gellike barrier structure near ES2-AF at a lower concentration. Therefore, the conjugate and mixture groups were inferior in activity at low concentrations.