Author: Chakrabarti, Seemanti; King, Daniel J.; Afonso, Claudio; Swayne, David; Cardona, Carol J.; Kuney, Douglas R.; Gerry, Alec C.
Title: Detection and Isolation of Exotic Newcastle Disease Virus from Field-Collected Flies Document date: 2007_9_1
ID: tbersu21_3
Snippet: ENDV is primarily spread by direct contact between infected and healthy birds. However, it also can be transmitted indirectly via contaminated equipment and persons Schwartz 1973, Burridge et al. 1975) . During the 1971Ã1973 California END outbreak, Rogoff et al. (1975) isolated virus from pools of Fannia spp. collected at commercial poultry operations with ENDV infected birds, implicating this species as a possible vector of ENDV......
Document: ENDV is primarily spread by direct contact between infected and healthy birds. However, it also can be transmitted indirectly via contaminated equipment and persons Schwartz 1973, Burridge et al. 1975) . During the 1971Ã1973 California END outbreak, Rogoff et al. (1975) isolated virus from pools of Fannia spp. collected at commercial poultry operations with ENDV infected birds, implicating this species as a possible vector of ENDV.
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