Author: Scott, Julia; Wilson, Nick; Baker, Michael G
Title: Improving New Zealand's preparations for the next pandemic Document date: 2017_11_22
ID: y3hkkb75_1
Snippet: merging infectious diseases are those that have appeared for the first time in a population, increased rapidly in incidence or range or developed antimicrobial resistance. 1 Emerging infectious disease outbreaks have increased since 1940, 2,3 due in part to changes in the humananimal-environment interface and, between 1940 and 2004, 60% of such outbreaks were caused by zoonotic pathogens. 2, 4 Emerging infectious diseases have caused the highest .....
Document: merging infectious diseases are those that have appeared for the first time in a population, increased rapidly in incidence or range or developed antimicrobial resistance. 1 Emerging infectious disease outbreaks have increased since 1940, 2,3 due in part to changes in the humananimal-environment interface and, between 1940 and 2004, 60% of such outbreaks were caused by zoonotic pathogens. 2, 4 Emerging infectious diseases have caused the highest mortality impact human pandemics in history, including plague, pandemic influenza in 1918/1919 and HIV. 5 Furthermore, antimicrobial resistance is increasing internationally and has been described by World Health Organization (WHO) Director General Margaret Chan as a "slow-motion tsunami". 6 There are often parallels between resistant infections in humans and animals, demonstrating the important links between human and animal health; for example, the discovery of colistin-resistant Escherichia coli in China, 7 and fluoroquinolone-resistant Campylobacter jejuni in New Zealand 8 in humans and animals. There is a strong association between antimicrobial resistance and modern livestock rearing, with the overuse of antimicrobials in livestock an important factor in the development of resistance in some pathogens that infect humans, or in the emergence of new resistant organisms. 9 Expansion of urban environments has led to increased interaction between wildlife and livestock, and climate change is an important enabling factor for transmission of many infections; for example, affecting mosquito populations competent for arboviruses.
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