Author: Neethirajan, Suresh; Ahmed, Syed Rahin; Chand, Rohit; Buozis, John; Nagy, Éva
                    Title: Recent Advances in Biosensor Development for Foodborne Virus Detection  Document date: 2017_7_5
                    ID: sj6zfybb_65
                    
                    Snippet: Nanomaterials can be used to detect hepatitis A, B, and E foodborne viruses. Nanomaterials of gold nanorods can be used to visualize virus replication and detect virus particles [46, 61] . This is used to detect hepatitis B viruses to increase surface area and immobilisation of single-stranded DNA with electrochemical biosensor [47] . Scanning electron and atomic-force microscopy can evaluate nanorod morphology, which can detect picomolar level o.....
                    
                    
                    
                     
                    
                    
                    
                    
                        
                            
                                Document: Nanomaterials can be used to detect hepatitis A, B, and E foodborne viruses. Nanomaterials of gold nanorods can be used to visualize virus replication and detect virus particles [46, 61] . This is used to detect hepatitis B viruses to increase surface area and immobilisation of single-stranded DNA with electrochemical biosensor [47] . Scanning electron and atomic-force microscopy can evaluate nanorod morphology, which can detect picomolar level of DNA and distinguish complementary DNA from mismatched and non-complementary DNA sequences. Another gold nanoparticle, combined with an anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) film, is used to detect hepatitis B viruses targeting single-stranded DNA without PCR, with a detection level up to 10 2 copies/mL [62] .
 
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