Recent Advances in Biosensor Development for Foodborne Virus Detection

Neethirajan, Suresh; Ahmed, Syed Rahin; Chand, Rohit; Buozis, John; Nagy, Éva

Electrochemical transducer based biosensors are easy-to-use platforms with their unique properties, such as compatibility with micro-fabricated technology and easily modifiable surface, making them particularly suitable for virus detection [86, 87] . Two major features of electrochemical bioreceptors are modifiable probes or antibodies followed by target isolation, and amplified signal detection ( Figure 6 ) [128] . The amplified signals can be either quantitative potentinmetric, amperometric, or impedimetric; and the signal can be either labeled or label-free, although labels are often required because electrochemical signals are usually less sensitive [88] . Other features such as hybridization, and amplified or changed signal intensity can be applied to electrochemical biosensors. Moreover, electrochemical impedance biosensors have recently been used in virus detection with hybridization or redox systems. The combination with hybridization is easily measured because of high sensitivity and duration without the requirement of electrodes compared to its conventional counterpart [89] . Redox system based on the Faradaic or non-Faradaic process may reduce protein layers; and its combination with a genosensor can achieve label-free virus detection [90] .