Author: Nicholls, John M
Title: The Battle Between Influenza and the Innate Immune Response in the Human Respiratory Tract Document date: 2013_3_29
ID: vyci1ho3_38
Snippet: It should be noted that there is a third member of the RLR pathway, LGP2 which lacks the CARD interaction motif. This is thought to act as a positive regulator making the viral RNA complexes more accessible to RIG-I. The recognition of viral RNA by RIG-I is enhanced when there is a 5'-triphosphate (PPP) present on the RNA, acting as a 'hook', as removal of this PPP reduced interferon induction [63, 64] . Once the triphosphate terminated vRNA is r.....
Document: It should be noted that there is a third member of the RLR pathway, LGP2 which lacks the CARD interaction motif. This is thought to act as a positive regulator making the viral RNA complexes more accessible to RIG-I. The recognition of viral RNA by RIG-I is enhanced when there is a 5'-triphosphate (PPP) present on the RNA, acting as a 'hook', as removal of this PPP reduced interferon induction [63, 64] . Once the triphosphate terminated vRNA is recognized by RIG-I, the complex undergoes a conformation change in which the CARDs are able to be ubiquitinated by TRIM25 which adds a Lys-63 linked ubiquitin chain to RIG-I. The Lys172 in the second CARD of RIG-I appears crucial for effective function [65] . Unlike many other results of ubiqutination, the change in RIG-I does not lead to degradation in the proteasome but actually is a critical step for subsequent interaction of RIG-I with MAVS though the exact mechanism how this is facilitated is not clearly understood [61] .
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