The cell biology of receptor-mediated virus entry

Grove, Joe; Marsh, Mark

In addition to HIV and HCV, other viruses including adenoviruses, rotaviruses, picornaviruses, and herpesviruses require multiple cell surface components (Table I Bergelson et al., 1997; Martino et al., 1998; Coyne et al., 2007 Rotavirus Reoviridae Sialic acid and integrins Yolken et al., 1987; Coulson et al., 1997; Guerrero et al., 2000 HIV Retroviridae CD4 and CCR5 or CXCR4 Dalgleish et al., 1984; Klatzman et al., 1984; Choe et al., 1996; Deng et al., 1996; Dragic et al., 1996; Feng et al., 1996 Virus particles engage a variety of cell surface molecules to facilitate entry. Some virus particles use single-receptor species; others use alternative molecules, either of which is sufficient, whereas other viruses require a specific combination of receptors. Factors in parentheses may not directly interact with virus particles; however, they are necessary for virus entry. Examples from each category are given and illustrate the diversity of receptors. The majority of the viruses listed are human pathogens. ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; DAF, decay-accelerating factor; HBGA, histoblood group antigen; HVEM, herpesvirus entry mediator; JAM, junctional adhesion molecule; PSGL-1, P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1; SLAM, signaling lymphocyte-activation molecule.