Author: Byszewska, Magdalena; Smietanski, Miroslaw; Purta, Elzbieta; Bujnicki, Janusz M
Title: RNA methyltransferases involved in 5' cap biosynthesis Document date: 2015_1_27
ID: sz2531mv_7
Snippet: Cap-specific m 7 G methyltransferases Cellular and viral RNA cap guanine-N 7 -methyltrasferases methylate RNA with the GpppN 5 0 terminus to form an m 7 GpppN (cap0) structure. Eukaryotic enzymes catalyze this reaction in the nucleus. Many viruses, however, replicate in the cytoplasm of their eukaryotic host, and the cellular capping machinery is not accessible for their RNAs; hence, these viruses have evolved their own capping enzymes to form a .....
Document: Cap-specific m 7 G methyltransferases Cellular and viral RNA cap guanine-N 7 -methyltrasferases methylate RNA with the GpppN 5 0 terminus to form an m 7 GpppN (cap0) structure. Eukaryotic enzymes catalyze this reaction in the nucleus. Many viruses, however, replicate in the cytoplasm of their eukaryotic host, and the cellular capping machinery is not accessible for their RNAs; hence, these viruses have evolved their own capping enzymes to form a cap structure that can be recognized by the cellular translation machinery for gene expression. Examples include Flaviviridae, Nidovirales, Mononegavirales and Poxviridae (reviewed in ref. 12) . While the cellular and viral mRNA capping apparatus is functionally similar, the enzyme organization differs greatly across evolution.
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