Author: Li, Ji Lian; Cornman, R. Scott; Evans, Jay D.; Pettis, Jeffery S.; Zhao, Yan; Murphy, Charles; Peng, Wen Jun; Wu, Jie; Hamilton, Michele; Boncristiani, Humberto F.; Zhou, Liang; Hammond, John; Chen, Yan Ping
Title: Systemic Spread and Propagation of a Plant-Pathogenic Virus in European Honeybees, Apis mellifera Document date: 2014_1_21
ID: wxiazglk_15
Snippet: Among major pathogen groups, RNA viruses have the highest rate of mutation, because the virus-encoded RNA polymerases lack 3=¡5= exonuclease proofreading activity (29) . The consequence of such high mutation rates is that populations of RNA viruses exist as "quasispecies," clouds of genetically related variants that might work cooperatively to determine pathological characteristics of the population (30) . These sources of genetic diversity coup.....
Document: Among major pathogen groups, RNA viruses have the highest rate of mutation, because the virus-encoded RNA polymerases lack 3=¡5= exonuclease proofreading activity (29) . The consequence of such high mutation rates is that populations of RNA viruses exist as "quasispecies," clouds of genetically related variants that might work cooperatively to determine pathological characteristics of the population (30) . These sources of genetic diversity coupled with large population sizes facilitate the adaptation of RNA viruses to new selective conditions, such as those imposed by a novel host. RNA viruses therefore are the most likely source of emerging and reemerging infectious diseases, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), type A avian influenza A (H5N1), and swine origin influenza A (H1N1), that have engendered worldwide public health concern because of their invasiveness and ability to spread among different species (31) (32) (33) (34) (35) .
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