Author: Bordes, Frédéric; Morand, Serge
Title: The impact of multiple infections on wild animal hosts: a review Document date: 2011_9_19
ID: rn4zitcs_7
Snippet: Laboratory and clinical studies Several laboratory studies using animal models have focused on coinfections, but relatively few studies have investigated the impacts of such coinfections on host fitness. Clinical studies in humans have also given significant results on the impacts of coinfections. HelminthÃmicroparasite coinfections have been particularly well investigated. Helminths may alter the efficiency of immune system via cytokines and in.....
Document: Laboratory and clinical studies Several laboratory studies using animal models have focused on coinfections, but relatively few studies have investigated the impacts of such coinfections on host fitness. Clinical studies in humans have also given significant results on the impacts of coinfections. HelminthÃmicroparasite coinfections have been particularly well investigated. Helminths may alter the efficiency of immune system via cytokines and induce Th2-cell responses (21) . As a mutual inhibition occurs between cytokine responses induced by helminths (Interleukine-4) and by microparasites (Interferon-gamma), helminths are expected to enhance microparasitic infections, which may cause coinfections to be more deleterious. This has been illustrated in helminthÃtuberculosis, helminthÃAIDS or helminthÃmalaria coinfections in humans (22, 23) . In helminthÃPlasmodium coinfection, the relative risk of clinical malaria is enhanced in patients infected by helminths (23) . Similarly, Schistosoma mansoni infection in BALB/c mice increases the parasitemia peak of Plasmodium yoelii leading to mouse death, whereas single infection by the protozoan is non-lethal and self-resolving (24) .
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