GRASP depletion–mediated Golgi destruction decreases cell adhesion and migration via the reduction of a5ß1 integrin

Ahat, Erpan; Xiang, Yi; Zhang, Xiaoyan; Bekier, Michael E.; Wang, Yanzhuang

The Golgi apparatus is an essential cellular membrane organelle at the center of the secretory pathway (Klute et al., 2011) . Its basic structure is a stack of flat, closely arranged cisternae. Each mammalian cell contains ∼100 Golgi stacks, which often line up and laterally link to form a ribbon localized in the perinuclear region (Rambourg et al., 1987; Klumperman, 2011) . The primary function of the Golgi is to process membrane and secretory proteins. Cargo proteins synthesized at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are transferred by COPII vesicles to the cis-Golgi (Brandizzi and Barlowe, 2013) . While traveling across the Golgi stack, they undergo posttranslational modifications, including glycosylation, phosphorylation, and proteolysis (Goldfischer, 1982) . In the trans-Golgi network (TGN), proteins are sorted for delivery to proper destinations, such as endosomes, lysosomes, the plasma membrane, or outside the cell by constitutive or regulated secretion (Marsh and Howell, 2002) . Proteins derived from one-third of the human genes travel through the secretory pathway (Pfeffer, 2013) , and proper functioning of the Golgi is required for a variety of cellular activities and homeostasis.