Virucidal Activity of World Health Organization–Recommended Formulations Against Enveloped Viruses, Including Zika, Ebola, and Emerging Coronaviruses

Siddharta, Anindya; Pfaender, Stephanie; Vielle, Nathalie Jane; Dijkman, Ronald; Friesland, Martina; Becker, Britta; Yang, Jaewon; Engelmann, Michael; Todt, Daniel; Windisch, Marc P.; Brill, Florian H.; Steinmann, Joerg; Steinmann, Jochen; Becker, Stephan; Alves, Marco P.; Pietschmann, Thomas; Eickmann, Markus; Thiel, Volker; Steinmann, Eike

An overview of the viruses and cell culture systems used in this study is given in Supplementary Table 1. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) chimeric Jc1 virus was generated in the human hepatoma cell line (Huh7.5) as previously described [7] . The African lineage ZIKV strain (MP1751), isolated in Uganda in 1962, was propagated by using Vero-B4 cells like MERS-CoV strain EMC and SARS-CoV strain Frankfurt 1. Bovine CoV (BcoV) was produced in the human glioblastoma astrocytoma cells U373, human influenza A virus (H1N1) was produced in Madin-Darby canine kidney epithelial cells (MDCK) and modified vaccinia Ankara strain (MVA) was produced in baby hamster kidney cells (BHK-21). Ebola virus was propagated in Vero E6 cells as previously described [8] . Ebola virus-like particles encoding a luciferase were generated using 239T cells as previously reported [9] . In general, cell lines were cultured in Dulbecco's modified minimal essential medium or Eagle's minimum essential medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum and other additions (Supplementary Table 1 ).