Infectious complications after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: current status and future perspectives in Korea

Cho, Sung-Yeon; Lee, Hyeon-Jeong; Lee, Dong-Gun

In eight retrospective and two prospective studies, the use of cidofovir with or without probenecid (either 3 to 5 mg/kg with probenecid or 0.5 to 1.5 mg/kg without probenecid) was investigated. A reduction in the urine and blood BKV load reportedly occurs in 38% to 62% and 67% to 84% of patients, respectively [116] [117] [118] [119] [120] [121] [122] . A retrospective study did not recommend levofloxacin because of insufficient data and the low level of evidence [113] . In addition, retrospective data are available for vidarabine, leflunomide, hyaluronic acid, and mesenchymal cells, but these are not recommended by the guidelines [113] . Brincidofovir markedly reduces BKV replication in vitro [123] . In cases of persistent hematuria, renal function can be impaired by blood clots and related post-renal obstructions. Conservative care such as intravenous hydration and removal of obstructions is also important. tients. CRV infections can also occur during neutropenia and show significant morbidity and mortality. The epidemiology of CRV infection in HSCT patients is likely to reflect that in the community, with seasonal variations. Influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections usually occur in winter, parainfluenza virus (PIV) infections in summer, and rhinovirus throughout the year. In HSCT recipients, CRV infection is not limited to URTIs and is more likely to progress to LRTIs [124, 125] . Respiratory virus multiplex PCR enables rapid diagnosis of CRV infections in clinical practice [126] .