Interventions in live poultry markets for the control of avian influenza: A systematic review

Offeddu, Vittoria; Cowling, Benjamin J.; Peiris, J.S. Malik

Four more studies reported a qualitative impact of LPM closure on the reduction of H7N9-transmission to humans (Table 4 ) [18, [33] [34] [35] . For instance, Murhekar and colleagues reported a decline in the number of human H7N9-cases in the Shanghai, Zhejiang and Jiangsu provinces after all rLPMs and sale spots were closed [33] . Similarly, two contemporaneous studies reported the decline in H7N9incidence in Huzhou [34] and Shanghai [18] . Except for one isolated patient, no additional H7N9-case was detected in Huzhou following the sequential closure of 139 LPMs (p-value = 0.01) [34] . In Shanghai, the temporary closure and disinfection of 464 LPMs was combined with a poultry import ban [18] . According to He and colleagues, four H7N9-cases were reported during the first postintervention incubation period, but no additional cases followed [18] . As soon as the ban was lifted in January 2014, 8 new cases were reported within a month. LPM-closure was re-implemented and H7N9incidence declined again to zero [18] .