Prevalence and genetic characteristics of Saffold cardiovirus in China from 2009 to 2012

Zhang, Xiao-Ai; Lu, Qing-Bin; Wo, Ying; Zhao, Jin; Huang, Dou-Dou; Guo, Chen-Tao; Xu, Hong-Mei; Liu, En-Mei; Liu, Wei; Cao, Wu-Chun

The detection of other viral pathogens varied for three cohorts. For cohort 1, NPA samples were screened by RT-PCR or PCR for common respiratory viruses, which include influenza viruses A and B, respiratory syncytial viruses (RSV) A and B subtypes, parainfluenza viruses (PIV) types 1, 2, 3, and 4, metapneumovirus (MPV), human rhinovirus (HRV), coronavirus (COV), human adenovirus (HAdV), and human bocavirus (HBoV) as previously described 27, 28 . In cohort 2, stool specimens were tested for the following viruses using the corresponding tools: rotaviruses A, IDEIA rotavirus direct antigen detection kit (IDEIA, Oxiod, UK); rotaviruses B and C, HAdV, sapovirus, and astrovirus, PCR or RT-PCR 29 ; and noroviruses GI and GII and HBoV, real-time PCR 30, 31 . In cohort 3, all collected stools, throat swabs, CSFs, and sera were subjected to detection of enterovirus (EV), and further classification of EV71 and coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) was performed using real-time PCR using previously described primers 32 . To further identify the EV serotypes other than EV71 and CVA16, semi-nested RT-PCR, which is specific for a 59 partial region of VP1, was performed for other EV-positive samples using previously reported primers 33 . The amplicons were subjected to sequencing and BLAST analysis.