Recent Advances in Biosensor Development for Foodborne Virus Detection

Neethirajan, Suresh; Ahmed, Syed Rahin; Chand, Rohit; Buozis, John; Nagy, Éva

Indirectly labeled antibodies rely on a non-labeled primary antibody together with a labeled secondary antibody binding to the primary antibody (Table 4 ). Novel antibody related virus detection has been developed for simpler and faster POC assays. For example, label-free or reagent-less strategies based on antibodies with engineered or natural binding proteins can be used to detect pathogens without any additional labeling [73] . For example, a design with label-free electrochemical impedance spectroscopy can detect rotoviruses fabricated by cysteamine on gold sononanoparticles as self-assembled monolayers [121] . The glassy surface of carbon electrode is immobilised by anti-rotavirus antibodies on cysteamine cross-linked glutaraldehyde. The binding of the antibodies to rotaviruses leads to a signal in the interface of impedance spectra. The detection limit by this immunosensor is 2.3 PFU/mL and the total analysis time is 55 minutes. It is selective to exclude hepatitis A virus and enteroviruses.