Author: Liao, Pei-Yu; Choi, Yong Seok; Dinman, Jonathan D.; Lee, Kelvin H.
Title: The many paths to frameshifting: kinetic modelling and analysis of the effects of different elongation steps on programmed –1 ribosomal frameshifting Document date: 2010_9_7
ID: wwq0sd2r_2
Snippet: Programmed À1 ribosomal frameshifting signals usually contain three essential mRNA elements: (i) a 'slippery' heptanucleotide sequence X XXY YYZ (X can be any three identical nucleotides, Y is A or U and Z is not G in eukaryotes; spaces denote the initial reading frame), where the ribosome changes the reading frame (3, 7) ; (ii) a downstream stimulatory mRNA secondary structure, typically a pseudoknot (8) (9) (10) ; and (iii) a spacer between th.....
Document: Programmed À1 ribosomal frameshifting signals usually contain three essential mRNA elements: (i) a 'slippery' heptanucleotide sequence X XXY YYZ (X can be any three identical nucleotides, Y is A or U and Z is not G in eukaryotes; spaces denote the initial reading frame), where the ribosome changes the reading frame (3, 7) ; (ii) a downstream stimulatory mRNA secondary structure, typically a pseudoknot (8) (9) (10) ; and (iii) a spacer between the slippery sequence and the stimulatory signal. It has been suggested that the stimulatory structural element promotes À1 PRF by positioning the ribosome to pause over the slippery sequence (11) (12) (13) . The length of the spacer has also been shown to affect frameshift efficiency (7, 9, 14) .
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