Twenty-four-week interim outcomes of bedaquiline-containing regimens in treatment of adolescents with rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis: A retrospective cohort study in China.

Wu, Hao-Yu; Tian, Yao; Wang, Xiao-Dan; Sun, Ji-Si; Fan, Li-Chao; Chen, Mo-Xin; Li, Ran; Chen, Yu

AIM To evaluate the 24-week interim outcomes of bedaquiline-containing regimens in the treatment of adolescents with rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB) in China. METHODS Adolescents with RR-TB from two hospitals were included in this retrospective study. All patients received the longer regimen containing bedaquiline. Sputum culture, chest computed tomography, blood tests and electrocardiography were performed regularly, and the outcomes after 24 weeks of treatment were reported. RESULTS Four male and six female adolescents aged 11 to 17 years old were included. Among them, four (40.0%), four (40.0%) and two (20.0%) were confirmed to have RR-TB, multidrug-resistant TB and extensively drug-resistant TB, respectively. The most common companion drugs included linezolid (100.0%), cycloserine (90.0%), pyrazinamide (80.0%), moxifloxacin (50.0%) and levofloxacin (40.0%). Culture conversion rates of 80.0%, 100.0% and 100.0% were observed at weeks 2, 4 and 24, respectively. The mean maximum drug concentration of bedaquiline at weeks 2, 12 and 24 was 3.29 ± 0.66, 1.78 ± 0.81 and 1.93 ± 0.74 μg/mL, respectively. Six adverse events including leukopenia (50.0%), Fridericia-corrected QT (QTcF) interval prolongation (16.7%), anaemia (16.7%) and peripheral neuropathy (16.7%) were observed in five (50.0%) patients. No patient discontinued bedaquiline owing to QTcF interval prolongation. Meanwhile, no deaths, reversions or serious adverse events were reported during 24 weeks of treatment. CONCLUSION A longer regimen containing bedaquiline was effective and well tolerated in Chinese adolescents with RR-TB. The combination of bedaquiline and linezolid may be a favourable choice for this population.